Once a couple has been referred to a fertility specialist, there a few tests which are completed to determine the fertility potential of the couple and options for remedy. Both partners will have to undergo these preliminary tests to get a better picture of what is going on.
Female diagnostic tests
For the females, there is a mixture of blood tests and ultrasounds which are completed. First the patient will have to undergo screening blood work to ensure there is no STD's or other infectious diseases. The patient will then undergo blood work during a menstrual cycle to determine the hormone levels and ensure that the patient has optimal cycles. They also have to undergo a hysterosonogram which occurs during and after menstrual bleed. This ensures that there are no blockages and provides a more detailed analysis of the reproductive system. Once these test are finished, the specialist will have a better understanding of what may be problematic and determine potential treatment options.
Male diagnostic tests
The male partner also has to undergo some preliminary testing including blood work and sperm analysis. The initial blood work will include screening tests along with a hormonal profile. The sperm analysis will look at physical characteristics of a semen sample along with the sperm count, motility, progression, and abnormality. The sample is also checked for presence of debris, red blood cells, white blood cells and any other characteristics such as agglutination of sperm to each other. The results is compared to the normal ranges provided by the World Health Organization (WHO).
Once both partners have completed their tests, the specialist is able to guide them on what actions are needed to achieve a pregnancy. Options include: hormonal therapy, timed intercourse, Intra-uterine insemination (IUI), In Vitro Fertilization (IVF), Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI), Pre-implantation genetic testing, and other add on options to increase chance of pregnancy. Being able to choose the best option is very important as age plays a crucial role in achieving pregnancy and so time should not be wasted.
Completing all these tests can be time consuming and requires commitment which may be difficult for some patients. However, these tests are the building block of providing the best treatment plan. So even if they may seem repetitive and frustrating, it's best to keep on top of things and complete all tests in a timely manner.
*Note: for patients with phobia of needles and blood tests, these testings may be very traumatic. However, some clinics provide specific service for these patients including psychological consultations in severe cases.
